构图（双语教学）

One day, your mother buys a bunch (一束) of flowers, and is going to put them in a vase (花瓶). First, she needs to see whether the size or height of the vase is proper (合适). Then she needs to see which flowers shall be higher and which shall be lower.

 

Artists do similar things as your mother does. When they decide the composition of a picture, they think over and over. (Artists think over and over when deciding the picture composition, like what your mother does for the flowers.)

They will think about what will be the main part, and how big should the main part be, and they need to put more things in the picture, and know how to draw.

 

There are many ways to compose the picture. We can regard picture composition as using different lines to divide a picture. We can also regard it as putting different shape of main parts in different positions (位置) of the picture. But the most important thing is: the main part of the picture should be emphasized (强调，突出).

 

Next, let’s have a look at the usual ways used by artists for picture composition.

[写“构图方式 Ways of picture composition”]

 

First let’s look at some pictures…

[放第一张照片]

Please tell me what kind of line is in this picture. [用中文再问一遍]

(Yes,) it is a horizontal line. [说中文：“这是一条水平线”]

[写“水平线 Horizontal line”]

Please open your books and turn to page one. Look at the first picture. [指给学生]

…[叫一个学生], stand up please. Read this passage for the class.

[指出文字位置，若学生未懂，则用中文再次说明要求]

Good, sit down please.

[写板书“辽阔 far and wide”, 同时口念 “用水平线构图可以表现辽阔的感觉 The horizontal lines can make the pictures look far and wide”]

 

Let’s look at the second picture. [放第二张照片]

What kind of line is this?

(Yes,) it is a vertical line. [说中文：“这是一条垂直线”]

[写“垂直线 Vertical line”]

Please look at page one, the second picture. [指给学生]

…[叫一个学生], stand up please. Read this passage for the class. [指出文字位置]

Thank you, sit down please.

[写板书“平稳 Stably standing”, 同时口念 “用垂直线构图可以表现平稳的感觉 The vertical lines can make the pictures look stably standing”]

 

Now, let’s look at the third picture. [放第三张照片]

What kind of line is this one?

(Yes,) it is a bias. [说中文：“这是一条斜线”]

[写“斜线 Bias”]

Please look at the book, page two, the first picture. [指给学生]

…[叫一个学生], stand up please. Read this passage for the class. [指出文字位置]

Ok, sit down please.

[写板书“活泼 lively”, 同时口念 “用斜线构图可以表现活泼的感觉 The biases can make the pictures look lively”]

 

Then, let’s look at the fourth picture. [放第四张照片]

What kind of line is this?

(Yes,) it is a diagonal. [说中文：“这是一条对角线”]

[写“对角线 Diagonal”]

Let’s look at our books, page two, picture two. [指给学生]

…[叫一个学生], stand up please. Read this passage for the class. [指出文字位置]

Thank you, sit down please.

[写板书“集中 Centralized”, 同时口念 “用对角线构图可以使画面主体集中 The diagonals centralize the main parts of the picture”]

 

We have another special line for picture composition. [写“放射状 Radial”同时念出]

Please turn to page four. Look at the last picture.

…[叫一个学生], stand up please. Read this passage for the class. [指出文字位置]

Good, sit down please.

[写板书“夸张 Exaggerated”, 同时口念 “用放射状构图可以使画面显得夸张 The radials could make the picture exaggerated”]

 

These five kinds of lines are the five ways for picture composition.

[写“用线构图 Picture composition by lines”]

 

Besides that, we also have shapes composing pictures. [写“用形构图shapes composing pictures

let’s look at this picture. [放第5张照片]

Please tell me what kind of shape is this…

[写“三角形 Triangle”]

…

[写“稳重 Steady”；说“三角形的构图给人以稳重的感觉 Triangles gives people a feeling of being steady”]

 

[“菱形 Diamond”“菱形给人平衡感 Diamonds make people feel the balance”]

[“C形 C-shape”“C形给人以生动的印象 C-shapes make pictures vivid”]

[“S形 S-shape”“S形给人以纵深感 S-shapes create a sense of depth”]

[“椭圆形 Oval”“椭圆形给人以动感 Ovals make people feel the picture moving”]

 

Next, let’s play a game.

 

Please give the correct names to the pictures

 

Traditional Chinese paintings are different from western paintings in picture composition. Ancient Chinese people call picture composition as “布局或者章法” [接中文]。

 

[齐白石画说例布局章法]

 

留白

 

盖章、落款

 

Now, let’s take some exercises.

 

In fact, artists usually combine different means of picture composition in one picture. For example, the horizontals with the verticals, the lines with the shapes, different shapes combined together, and so on. [说“Please turn to page two. Let’s look at the last picture.”；叫学生读] [举例]

 

Now please pick out a picture that you like the most, and discuss with your neighbours about the different ways of picture composition.